CCNA All in One

Question 1 Which command encrypts all plaintext passwords? A. Router# service password-encryption B. Router(config)# password-encryption C. Router(config)# service password-encryption D. Router# password-encryption Answer: C Question 2 What can be done to secure the virtual terminal interfaces on a router? (Choose two) A. Administratively shut down the interface. B. Physically secure the interface. C. Create an access list and apply it to the virtual terminal interfaces with the access-group command. D. Configure a virtual terminal password and login process. E. Enter an access list and apply it to the virtual terminal interfaces using the access-class command. Answer: D E Question 3 Refer to the exhibit. Why is flash memory erased prior to upgrading the IOS image from the TFTP server? Router# copy tftp flash Address or name of remote host []? 192.168.2.167 Source filename []? c1600-k8sy-mz.123-16a.bin Destination filename [c1600-k8sy-mz.123-16a.bin]? Accessing tft...

The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a comparatively old interior gateway protocol (IGP) still in widespread use. IGPs are used for routing within networks that are under a common network administration, whereas exterior gateway protocols are used to exchange routing information between networks. As an IGP, RIP performs routing only within a single autonomous system. RIP is a classical distance vector routing protocol that uses hop count as its metric for determining the best route to a given destination. RIP Routing Updates RIP sends routing update messages at regular 30-second intervals and when the network topology changes. RIP uses broadcast User Datagram Protocol (UDP) data packets to exchange routing information. The routing update process is termed advertising.  When a router receives a routing update that includes changes to an entry, it updates its routing table to reflect the new route. The metric value for the path is increased by 1, and the sender is indica...

1.What is one benefit of PVST+? A. PVST+ supports Layer 3 load balancing without loops. B. PVST+ reduces the CPU cycles for all the switches in the network. C. PVST+ allows the root switch location to be optimized per VLAN. D. PVST+ automatically selects the root bridge location, to provide optimized bandwidth usage. Answer: C Explanation: Per VLAN Spanning Tree (PVST) maintains a spanning tree instance for each VLAN configured in the network. It means a switch can be the root bridge of a VLAN while another switch can be the root bridge of other VLANs in a common topology. For example, Switch 1 can be the root bridge for Voice data while Switch 2 can be the root bridge for Video data. If designed correctly, it can optimize the network traffic. 2. When PVST+ in work on VLAN1 of the switch, what will affect on selection of one of switches in the VLAN as root-bridge? A. Lowest IP address B. Highest MAC address C. Lowest MAC address D. Highest IP address Answer:  C Explan...

Maybe you will raise a question: “Why can’t we only use OSPF or EIGRP instead?” The most important reason is BGP greatly supports path control. Maybe you learned and understood about EIGRP, OSPF routing protocols. They are different but both of them have the same purpose: find the most optimal path to the destination. But when we are working in ISP level we don’t care much about this. In ISP we really want to control the path, even it is not the most optimal path, to the destination. For example, how can you choose which path to go from AS 1 to AS 3 in the topology below? Suppose an IGP (like OSPF) is using all the way. With default values and same bandwidth on all the links, OSPF will choose the path AS 1 -> AS 2 -> AS 3. In order to manipulate the path we will have to change the bandwidth of some interfaces on the edge routers of each AS. A few months later we want to change the path then we have to configure the bandwidth again. With BGP we can easily define the path...

We really want to show you why we need BGP first but it is very difficult to explain without understanding a bit about BGP. So we will learn some basic knowledge about BGP first. First we need to understand about the different between Interior Gateway Protocol and Exterior Gateway Protocol. The difference between them is shown below: –  Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) : A routing protocol operating within an Autonomous System (AS) like OSPF, EIGRP… Usually routers running IGP are under the same administration (of a company, corporation, individual) –  Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) : A routing protocol operating between different AS. BGP is the only EGP used nowadays In the topology above R1, R2 and R3 should run an IGP to communicate with each other because they are in the same AS. But to connect with other routers in another AS (like a different ISP), R1 and R3 must use an EGP. With BGP, the term  autonomous system  (AS) refers to a network that oper...

The redistribute static command tells RIP to forward static routes in addition to the directly connected routes and the routes that have been learned from other RIP routers, which it forwards by default: Router1#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z. Router1(config)#ip route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 172.22.1.4 Router1(config)#router rip Router1(config-router)#redistribute static Router1(config-router)#end Router1# You can define how these routes look to other routers when they are redistributed: Router1#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z. Router1(config)#ip route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 172.22.1.4 Router1(config)#router rip                 Router1(config-router)#redistribute static metric 5 Router1(config-router)#distribute-list 7 out static Router1(config-router)#exit Router1(config)#access-list 7 permit 192.168.10.0 Rou...

This is a step-by-step approach to copy a configuration from a router to a TFTP server, and back to another router. Before you proceed with this method, make sure you have a TFTP server on the network to which you have IP connectivity. Backup Procedure At the  Router>  prompt, issue the  enable  command, and provide the required password when prompted.  The prompt changes to  Router# , which indicates that the router is now in privileged mode. Copy the running configuration file to the TFTP server: CE_2# copy running-config tftp: Address or name of remote host []? 64.104.207.171 Destination filename [ce_2-confg]? backup_cfg_for_my_router !! 1030 bytes copied in 2.489 secs (395 bytes/sec) CE_2# Restoring Procedure Open the configuration file with a text editor. Search for and remove any line that starts with "AAA". Note:  This step is to remove any security commands that can lock you out of the router...

GNS3 runs great on Ubuntu, and it's easy to install. This quick tutorial provides the steps to install GNS3, with IOU support, on Ubuntu 14.0.4.1 LTS 64-bit. When finished, you'll still have to install an IOU license file (for IOU support), IOU image files, and IOS image files; GNS3 does not provide any of those files, so you'll have to acquire them on your own. --- GNS3 is installed from a Terminal command line --- # - After opening a terminal, I recommend changing to your user directory. $ cd ~ # - Run apt-get update $ sudo apt-get  update # - Install GNS3 Python dependencies $ sudo apt‐get install python3‐setuptools $ sudo apt‐get install python3‐pyqt4 $ sudo apt‐get install python3‐ws4py $ sudo apt‐get install python3‐netifaces #- Install Dynmips dependencies $ sudo apt-get install cmake $ sudo apt‐get install libelf‐dev $ sudo apt‐get install uuid‐dev $ sudo apt‐get install libpcap‐dev # - Download and unzip GNS3 Linux sou...

Hello welcome to the world of networking.In case of CCNA we can do all most all labs in your home with the help of simulators. Both Packet Tracer and GNS3 is good in aspect of CCNA. But best is follow these steps.. a) For learners new to CCENT / CCNA - Packet Tracer's advantage is that it restricts the number of commands that can be viewed at any mode.  Therefore, the student should  feel less overwhelmed (or distracted) as he/she progresses through the CCENT / CCNA curriculum. b) After the learner reaches a good confidence level and have done several labs using PT. Then, she/he can consider using GNS3 for a more realistic IOS feel.  GNS3 runs the actual IOS so that the learner will be exposed the all the commands on the actual router. c) Please note though that GNS3 requires much more hardware resources (CPU, RAM etc) to do the more complex labs.  For example :  A simple lab with 3 routers that are running OSPF may cause GNS3 to give "mixed results -- ...