CCNA All in One

The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) was the first commonly used IGP in the history of TCP/IP. Organizations used RIP inside their networks commonly in the 1980s, and into the 1990s. RIPv2, created in the mid-1990s, improved RIPv2, giving engineers an option for easy migration and co-existence to move from RIPv1 to the better RIPv2. Features of Both RIPv1 and RIPv2 Like all IGPs, both RIPv1 and RIPv2 perform the same core features. That is, when using either RIPv1 or RIPv2, a router advertises information to help other routers learn routes; a router learns routes by listening to messages from other routers; a router chooses the best route to each subnet by looking at the metric of the competing routes; and the routing protocol converges to use new routes when something changes about the network. RIPv1 and RIPv2 use the same logic to achieve most of those core functions. The similarities include the following: Both send regular full periodic routing updates on a 30-...

QUESTION 21 Refer to the exhibit. The two connected ports on the switch are not turning orange or green. What would be the most effective steps to troubleshoot this physical layer problem? (Choose three.) A. Ensure that the Ethernet encapsulations match on the interconnected router and switch ports. B. Ensure that cables A and B are straight-through cables. C. Ensure cable A is plugged into a trunk port. D. Ensure the switch has power. E. Reboot all of the devices. F. Reseat all cables. Correct Answer: BDF QUESTION 22  A network administrator is troubleshooting the OSPF configuration of routers R1 and R2. The routers cannot establish an adjacency relationship on their common Ethernet link The graphic shows the output of the show ip ospf interface e0 command for routers R1 and R2. Based on the information in the graphic, what is the cause of this problem? A. The OSPF area is not configured properly. B. The priority on R1...

QUESTION 11  If a router has four interfaces and each interface is connected to four switches, how many broadcast domains are present on the router? A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 8 Correct Answer: C  QUESTION 12  The left describes the types of cables, while the right describes the purposes of the cables. Drag the items on the left to the proper locations. (Not all items can be used.) (THE COMMUNITY SHARED THAT THERE IS ANOTHER OPTION SO STUDY ALL OF WHAT THIS CABLES ARE FOR)   Correct Answer: QUESTION 13 Match the items on the left with appropriate OSI layer on the right. (Not all options are used.) CORRECT ANSWER QUESTION 14 Which command enables IPv6 forwarding on a Cisco router? A. ipv6 local B. ipv6 host C. ipv6 unicast-routing D. ipv6 neighbour Correct Answer: C  QUESTION 15 Refer to the exhibit. What is the most appropriate sum...

  QUESTION 1 Which technology supports the stateless assignment of IPv6 addresses? A. DNS B. DHCPv6 C. DHCP D. autoconfiguration Correct Answer: BD  QUESTION 2 What are two requirements for an HSRP group? (Choose two.) A. exactly one active router B. one or more standby routers C. one or more backup virtual routers D. exactly one stand by active router E. exactly one backup virtual router Correct Answer: AB  QUESTION 3 After you configure the Loopback0 interface, which command can you enter to verify the status of the interface and determine whether fast switching is enabled? A. Router#show ip interface loopback 0 B. Router#show run C. Router#show interface loopback 0 D. Router#show ip interface brief Correct Answer: A  QUESTION 4 Which command sequence can you enter to create VLAN 20 and assign it to an interface on a switch?  A. Switch(config)#vlan 20       Switch(config)#Interface gig x/y B. Switch(conf...

802.11ac The first thing to get out of the way is – like past Wi-Fi standards – 802.11ac is backwards compatible with 802.11b, g and n. This means you can buy an 802.11ac-equipped device and it will work just fine with your existing router. Similarly you can upgrade to an 802.11ac router and it will work happily with all your existing devices. That said you will need both an 802.11ac router and an 802.11ac device to enjoy the standard’s biggest benefits. And those begin with… 802.11ac Speed With any new wireless technology speed is always the headline-grabbing feature but, as with every wireless standard to date, the figures tossed around can be highly misleading. 1.3 gigabits per second (Gbps) is the speed most commonly cited as the 802.11ac standard. This translates to 166 megabytes per second (MBps) or 1331 megabits per second (Mbps). It is vastly quicker than the 450Mbit per second (0.45Gbps) headline speeds quoted on the highest performing 802.11n routers. So ...

Nowadays there are three organizations influencing WLAN standards. They are: ITU-R  : is responsible for allocation of the RF bands IEEE  : specifies how RF is modulated to transfer data Wi-Fi Alliance  : improves the interoperability of wireless products among vendors But the most popular type of wireless LAN today is based on the IEEE 802.11 standard, which is known informally as Wi-Fi. * 802.11a: operates in the 5.7 GHz ISM band. Maximum transmission speed is 54Mbps and approximate wireless range is 25-75 feet indoors. * 802.11b: operates in the 2.4 GHz ISM band. Maximum transmission speed is 11Mbps and approximate wireless range is 100-200 feet indoors. * 802/11g: operates in the 2.4 GHz ISM band. Maximum transmission speed is 54Mbps and approximate wireless range is 100-200 feet indoors. * 802.11n: operates in the 2.4 GHz ISM band. Maximum transmission speed is 300Mbps and approximate wireless range is 100-200 feet indoors. IS...

Question 1 Which command encrypts all plaintext passwords? A. Router# service password-encryption B. Router(config)# password-encryption C. Router(config)# service password-encryption D. Router# password-encryption Answer: C Question 2 What can be done to secure the virtual terminal interfaces on a router? (Choose two) A. Administratively shut down the interface. B. Physically secure the interface. C. Create an access list and apply it to the virtual terminal interfaces with the access-group command. D. Configure a virtual terminal password and login process. E. Enter an access list and apply it to the virtual terminal interfaces using the access-class command. Answer: D E Question 3 Refer to the exhibit. Why is flash memory erased prior to upgrading the IOS image from the TFTP server? Router# copy tftp flash Address or name of remote host []? 192.168.2.167 Source filename []? c1600-k8sy-mz.123-16a.bin Destination filename [c1600-k8sy-mz.123-16a.bin]? Accessing tft...

The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a comparatively old interior gateway protocol (IGP) still in widespread use. IGPs are used for routing within networks that are under a common network administration, whereas exterior gateway protocols are used to exchange routing information between networks. As an IGP, RIP performs routing only within a single autonomous system. RIP is a classical distance vector routing protocol that uses hop count as its metric for determining the best route to a given destination. RIP Routing Updates RIP sends routing update messages at regular 30-second intervals and when the network topology changes. RIP uses broadcast User Datagram Protocol (UDP) data packets to exchange routing information. The routing update process is termed advertising.  When a router receives a routing update that includes changes to an entry, it updates its routing table to reflect the new route. The metric value for the path is increased by 1, and the sender is indica...

Maybe you will raise a question: “Why can’t we only use OSPF or EIGRP instead?” The most important reason is BGP greatly supports path control. Maybe you learned and understood about EIGRP, OSPF routing protocols. They are different but both of them have the same purpose: find the most optimal path to the destination. But when we are working in ISP level we don’t care much about this. In ISP we really want to control the path, even it is not the most optimal path, to the destination. For example, how can you choose which path to go from AS 1 to AS 3 in the topology below? Suppose an IGP (like OSPF) is using all the way. With default values and same bandwidth on all the links, OSPF will choose the path AS 1 -> AS 2 -> AS 3. In order to manipulate the path we will have to change the bandwidth of some interfaces on the edge routers of each AS. A few months later we want to change the path then we have to configure the bandwidth again. With BGP we can easily define the path...

This is a step-by-step approach to copy a configuration from a router to a TFTP server, and back to another router. Before you proceed with this method, make sure you have a TFTP server on the network to which you have IP connectivity. Backup Procedure At the  Router>  prompt, issue the  enable  command, and provide the required password when prompted.  The prompt changes to  Router# , which indicates that the router is now in privileged mode. Copy the running configuration file to the TFTP server: CE_2# copy running-config tftp: Address or name of remote host []? 64.104.207.171 Destination filename [ce_2-confg]? backup_cfg_for_my_router !! 1030 bytes copied in 2.489 secs (395 bytes/sec) CE_2# Restoring Procedure Open the configuration file with a text editor. Search for and remove any line that starts with "AAA". Note:  This step is to remove any security commands that can lock you out of the router...

Hello welcome to the world of networking.In case of CCNA we can do all most all labs in your home with the help of simulators. Both Packet Tracer and GNS3 is good in aspect of CCNA. But best is follow these steps.. a) For learners new to CCENT / CCNA - Packet Tracer's advantage is that it restricts the number of commands that can be viewed at any mode.  Therefore, the student should  feel less overwhelmed (or distracted) as he/she progresses through the CCENT / CCNA curriculum. b) After the learner reaches a good confidence level and have done several labs using PT. Then, she/he can consider using GNS3 for a more realistic IOS feel.  GNS3 runs the actual IOS so that the learner will be exposed the all the commands on the actual router. c) Please note though that GNS3 requires much more hardware resources (CPU, RAM etc) to do the more complex labs.  For example :  A simple lab with 3 routers that are running OSPF may cause GNS3 to give "mixed results -- ...